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A cantilever is a rigid structural element, such as a beam or a plate, anchored at only one end to a (usually vertical) support from which it is protruding. Cantilevers can also be constructed with trusses or slabs. When subjected to a structural load, the cantilever carries the load to the support where it is forced against by a moment and shear stress. Cantilever construction allows for overhanging structures without external bracing, in contrast to constructions supported at both ends with loads applied between the supports, such as a simply supported beam found in a post and lintel system. ==Etymology== Probably derived from “lever,” in its ordinary meaning, and “cant,” an angle or edge, or else from modern Latin ''quanta libra'', of what weight. In Bridges, Towers, And Buildings Cantilevers are widely found in construction, notably in cantilever bridges and balconies (see corbel). In cantilever bridges the cantilevers are usually built as pairs, with each cantilever used to support one end of a central section. The Forth Bridge in Scotland is an example of a cantilever truss bridge. A cantilever in a traditionally timber framed building is called a jetty or forebay. In the southern United States a historic barn type is the cantilever barn of log construction. Temporary cantilevers are often used in construction. The partially constructed structure creates a cantilever, but the completed structure does not act as a cantilever. This is very helpful when temporary supports, or falsework, cannot be used to support the structure while it is being built (e.g., over a busy roadway or river, or in a deep valley). So some truss arch bridges (see Navajo Bridge) are built from each side as cantilevers until the spans reach each other and are then jacked apart to stress them in compression before final joining. Nearly all cable-stayed bridges are built using cantilevers as this is one of their chief advantages. Many box girder bridges are built segmentally, or in short pieces. This type of construction lends itself well to balanced cantilever construction where the bridge is built in both directions from a single support. These structures are highly based on torque and rotational equilibrium. In an architectural application, Frank Lloyd Wright's Fallingwater used cantilevers to project large balconies. The East Stand at Elland Road Stadium in Leeds was, when completed, the largest cantilever stand in the world holding 17,000 spectators. The roof built over the stands at Old Trafford Football Ground uses a cantilever so that no supports will block views of the field. The old, now demolished Miami Stadium had a similar roof over the spectator area. The largest cantilever in Europe is located at St James' Park in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, the home stadium of Newcastle United F.C.〔IStructE The Structural Engineer Volume 77/No 21, 2 November 1999. James's Park a redevelopment challenge〕〔(The Architects' Journal ) Existing stadiums: St James' Park, Newcastle. 1 July 2005〕 Less obvious examples of cantilevers are free-standing (vertical) radio towers without guy-wires, and chimneys, which resist being blown over by the wind through cantilever action at their base. Image:ForthBridgeEdinburgh.jpg|The ''Forth Bridge'', a cantilever truss bridge. Image:Pierre Pflimlin Bridge UC Adjusted.jpg|This concrete bridge temporarily functions as a set of two balanced cantilevers during construction - with further cantilevers jutting out to support formwork. File:Howrah Bridge.jpg|Howrah Bridge in India, a cantilever bridge. Image:FallingwaterCantilever570320cv.jpg|A cantilever balcony of the Fallingwater house, by Frank Lloyd Wright. File:Canton Viaduct, Southern view, west side.JPG|A cantilevered railroad deck and fence on the Canton Viaduct File:Cantilever-barn-moa-tn1.jpg|A cantilever barn in rural Appalachia File:DoubleJettiedBuilding.jpg|A double jettied building in England File:Cantilever Jenga.JPG|Cantilever occurring in the game "Jenga" File:Busan_Film_Center.jpg|Busan Cinema Center in Busan, South Korea, with the world's longest cantilever roof. File:Riverplace Tower in Jacksonville.jpg|Cantilever facade of Riverplace Tower in Jacksonville, Florida, by Welton Becket and KBJ Architects 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cantilever」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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